Efecte de l'oli d'oliva i els seus compostos fenòlics en la reducció de factors de risc cardiovascular i de l'estrès oxidatiu

El consum d'una certa quantitat diària d'oli d'oliva té efectes beneficiosos per a la salut humana, que són atribuïbles no solament a la presència d'àcids grassos monoinsaturats, sinó que hi ha d'haver altres factors presents en l'oli, com poden ser alguns compostos antioxidants.D'entre tots els que es troben a l'oli d'oliva, els que hi són en quantitats suficient per a contribuir a aquest efecte beneficiós són els compostos fenòlics. L'acció combinada dels compostos fenòlics i dels àcids grassos monoinsaturats pot mobilitzar les diferents fraccions del colesterol i tenir efectes sinèrgics sobre altres aspectes metabòlics que permeten una forta reducció de risc cardiovascular i de l'estrès oxidatiu. En aquest article s'exposen els resultats obtinguts en un estudi per a determinar l'efecte d'olis d'oliva similars però amb diferent contingut de compostos fenòlics en el perfil lipídic i l'estat oxidatiu/antioxidatiu en voluntaris sans. Aquest estudi s'integra dins del projecte policèntric internacional EUROLIVE, The effect of Olive Oil Consumption on Oxidative Damage in European Populations, de la Comissió Europea.The consumption of a certain daily amount of olive oil has beneficial effects for the human health. These effects cannot only attribute to fatty acids monounsaturated, but that must are other beneficial compounds in the olive oil, like the antirust ones. Of between all present products of this type in the olive oil, those that are in concentrations sufficient to contribute to the healthful effect are the phenol compounds. The combined action of these anti-oxidant compounds and the unsaturated fatty acids can mobilize the different fractions from the cholesterol and display synergy on other metabolic aspects that allow a reduction of the cardiovascular risk and oxidative stress. In this work the results of a study determining the olive oil effect with different phenol compound contents on the lipídico profile and oxidative/anti-oxidative state in healthy volunteers are exposed. This study is integrated in an international multidisciplinary project sponsored by the European Commission: EUROLIVE, The effect of Olive Oil Consumption on Oxidative Damage in European Populations

Scientific evidence of the benefits of virgin olive oil for human health

Olive oil is considered to be one of the most healthy dietary fats. There are, however, several types of olive oil present on the market. With the data at present available, the most healthy of them is the virgin olive oil (VOO), rich in phenolic compounds. On November 2011, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) released a claim concerning the benefits of the daily ingestion of olive oil rich in phenolic compounds, such as the VOO. In this review, we will summarize the work which have provided scientific evidence of the benefits of VOO consumption over other type of edible oils even olive oils. Data from randomized, controlled human studies, will be presented. This type of studies are able to provide evidence of Level I which is that required for performing nutritional recommendations at population level.Se considera al aceite de oliva una de las grasas más saludables de la dieta. Hay, sin embargo, varios tipos de aceite de oliva presentes en el mercado. Con los datos actualmente disponibles, el más saludable de ellos es el aceite de oliva virgen (AOV), rico en compuestos fenólicos. En noviembre de 2011, la Autoridad Europea de Seguridad Alimentaria (EFSA) publicó un declaración acerca de los beneficios de la ingesta diaria de aceite de oliva rico en compuestos fenólicos, como el VOO. En esta revisión, vamos a resumir el trabajo que ha proporcionado la evidencia científica de los beneficios del consumo de AOV sobre otro tipo de aceites comestibles e incluso sobre los otros tipos de aciete de oliva. Presentamos, asimismo, los datos de estudios aleatorizados y controlados en humanos. Este tipo de estudios proporcionan evidencia de nivel I, que es el nivel requerido para ofrecer recomendaciones nutricionales a nivel poblacional

Evaluation of adherence to nutritional intervention through trajectory analysis

© 2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Classical Pre-Post Intervention Studies are often analyzed using traditional statistics. Nevertheless, the nutritional interventions have small effects on the metabolism and traditional statistics are not enough to detect these subtle nutrient effects. Generally, this kind of studies assumes that the participants are adhered to the assigned dietary intervention and directly analyzes its effects over the target parameters. Thus, the evaluation of adherence is generally omitted. Although, sometimes, participants do not effectively adhere to the assigned dietary guidelines. For this reason, the Trajectory Map is proposed as a visual tool where dietary patterns of individuals can be followed during the intervention and can also be related with nutritional prescriptions. The Trajectory Analysis is also proposed allowing both analysis: 1) adherence to the intervention and 2) intervention effects. The analysis is made by projecting the differences of the target parameters over the resulting trajectories between states of different time-stamps which might be considered either individually or by groups. The proposal has been applied over a real nutritional study showing that some individuals adhere better than others and some individuals of the control group modify their habits during the intervention. In addition, the intervention effects are different depending on the type of individuals, even some subgroups have opposite response to the same intervention.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Analysis of ECs and related compounds in plasma: artifactual isomerization and ex vivo enzymatic generation of 2-MGs

The analysis of peripheral endocannabinoids (ECs) is a good biomarker of the EC system. Their concentrations, from clinical studies, strongly depend on sample collection and time processing conditions taking place in clinical and laboratory settings. The analysis of 2-monoacylglycerols (MGs) (i.e., 2-arachidonoylglycerol or 2-oleoylglycerol) is a particularly challenging issue because of their ex vivo formation and chemical isomerization that occur after blood sample collection. We provide evidence that their ex vivo formation can be minimized by adding Orlistat, an enzymatic lipase inhibitor, to plasma. Taking into consideration the low cost of Orlistat, we recommend its addition to plasma collecting tubes while maintaining sample cold chain until storage. We have validated a method for the determination of the EC profile of a range of MGs and N-acylethanolamides in plasma that preserves the original isomer ratio of MGs. Nevertheless, the chemical isomerization of 2-MGs can only be avoided by an immediate processing and analysis of samples due to their instability during conservation. We believe that this new methodology can aid in the harmonization of the measurement of ECs and related compounds in clinical samples

Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on the body composition and lipid profile of down syndrome individuals: implications for clinical management

© 2020. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts reduces waist circumference and shifts lipoprotein subfractions to a less atherogenic pattern in subjects at high cardiovascular risk

[Objective]: The PREDIMED trial showed that Mediterranean diets supplemented with either extra-virgin olive oil or nuts reduced incident cardiovascular events compared to a control diet. Consumption of both supplemental foods has been associated with reduced LDL-cholesterol, but it is unknown whether they can shift lipoprotein subfractions to a less atherogenic pattern. We investigated changes in adiposity and lipoprotein subfractions after consumption of the PREDIMED diets.[Methods]: In a PREDIMED sub-cohort (n = 169), lipoprotein subclasses (particle concentrations and size) were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline and after intervention for 1 year.[Results]: Participants allocated to the Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts showed significant reductions from baseline of waist circumference (mean [95% CI]; −5 cm [−7; −3]) and concentrations of medium-small (−27 nmol/l [−46; −8]) and very small LDL (−111 nmol/l [−180; −42]); decreased LDL particle number (a nuclear magnetic resonance-specific measurement) (−98 nmol/l [−184; −11]); and an increase of large LDL concentrations (54 nmol/l [18; 90]), with a net increase (0.2 nmol/l [0.1; 0.4]) of LDL size. The Mediterranean diets with olive oil and nuts increased large HDL concentrations (0.6 μM [0.0; 1.1] and 1.0 μM [0.4; 1.5], respectively). Compared to the other two intervention groups, participants in the nut-enriched diet showed significantly reduced waist circumference (p ≤ 0.006, both) and increased LDL size (p < 0.05, both).[Conclusion]: Lipoprotein subfractions are shifted to a less atherogenic pattern by consumption of Mediterranean diets enriched with nuts. The results contribute mechanistic evidence for the reduction of cardiovascular events observed in the PREDIMED trial.This study was funded in part by ISCIII (Spanish Ministry of Economy) through grants RTIC G03/140, RTIC RD 06/0045, and FIS PS09/01292 and grant CNIC 06/2007 from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain. AS-V was supported by post-doctoral contract FIS CD07/0083. MF was supported by a joint contract of ISCIII and the Health Department of the Catalan Government (Generalitat de Catalunya), CP 06/00100

Baseline adherence to the Mediterranean diet and major cardiovascular events: Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea trial

Lifestyle modification, particularly dietary changes, is the cornerstone of population-based strategies for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention.1 Recently the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study,2 a 5-year randomized primary prevention trial (isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN35739639), showed a 30% reduction in incident CVD with Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) intervention in comparison with a control diet. At quarterly visits throughout the study, a validated 14-item MeDiet screening tool (Table 1) was used to assess conformity with this dietary pattern.3 Close monitoring of adherence to dietary instructions for CVD prevention is difficult in the clinical setting. Short dietary assessment tools, such as the PREDIMED screener, are desirable to identify individuals in need of dietary counseling. Given that there is little information on the association of diet scores with disease outcomes in longitudinal studies, we investigated whether the baseline 14-point MeDiet score was related to incident CVD in the PREDIMED cohor

Human exposure and mass balance distribution during procymidone application in horticultural greenhouses

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of procymidone application in periurban horticultural greenhouses, especially on workers (applicators and assistants) and soil and plastic mulching, when mechanically pressurized application systems were employed. The mean Potential Dermal Exposure (PDE) was measured using the Whole Body Dosimetry technique. The PDE for the applicators was 188 mL h−1 ± 103 mL h−1, and 14.7 mL h−1 ± 6.3 mL h−1 for the assistants. In the first case, the most exposed body sections were the upper right and left (46.8 mL h−1 ± 23.4 mL h−1; 47.0 mL h−1 ± 23.5 mL h−1) and lower (20.8 mL h−1 ± 10.4 mL h−1; 17.3 mL h−1 ± 8.7 mL h−1) legs, while in the case of assistants, hands and legs were the most impacted limbs. Regarding the Margin of Safety (MOS) during the mix and load stage, two of three pesticide preparations resulted unsafe, while for the applicators, six of six spraying operations were unsafe. For the assistants, five of five operations were safe, but three of them were close to the safety limit. Procymidone distribution between drift (0.03% ± 0.07 %), applicator (0.20% ± 0.15 %), polyethylene mulching (8.5% ± 4.5 %) and soil (3.0% ± 1.1 %) was determined with respect to the total pesticide applied. Procymidone soil impact was also evaluated using Eisenia andrei behavioral tests, finding positive correlations between procymidone application and avoidance and reproduction tests.Fil: Fitó Friedrichs, Gretel Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto de Ciencias. Área de Química; ArgentinaFil: Berenstein, Giselle Anahí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto de Ciencias. Área de Química; ArgentinaFil: Nasello, María Soledad. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto de Ciencias. Área de Química; ArgentinaFil: Dutra Alcoba, Yohana Yisel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto de Ciencias. Área de Química; ArgentinaFil: Hughes, Enrique Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto de Ciencias. Área de Química; ArgentinaFil: Basack, Silvana Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto de Ciencias. Área de Química; ArgentinaFil: Montserrat, Javier Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto de Ciencias. Área de Química; Argentin

Reduced circulating sTWEAK levels are associated with metabolic syndrome in elderly individuals at high cardiovascular risk

BACKGROUND: The circulating soluble TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) is a cytokine that modulates inflammatory and atherogenic reactions related to cardiometabolic risk. We investigated the association between sTWEAK levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in older subjects at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 452 non-diabetic individuals (men and women aged 55-80 years) at high cardiovascular risk. MetS was defined by AHA/NHLBI and IDF criteria. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for MetS and its components by tertiles of serum sTWEAK concentrations measured by ELISA. RESULTS: sTWEAK concentrations were lower in subjects with MetS than in those without. In gender- and age-adjusted analyses, subjects in the lowest sTWEAK tertile had higher ORs for overall MetS [1.71 (95% CI, 1.07-2.72)] and its components abdominal obesity [2.01 (1.15-3.52)], hyperglycemia [1.94 (1.20-3.11)], and hypertriglyceridemia [1.73 (1.05-2.82)] than those in the upper tertile. These associations persisted after controlling for family history of diabetes and premature coronary heart disease, lifestyle, kidney function and other MetS components. sTWEAK concentrations decreased as the number of MetS components increased. Individuals in the lowest vs the upper sTWEAK tertile had an increased risk of disclosing greater number of MetS features. Adjusted ORs for individuals with 2 vs ≤1, 3 vs ≤1, and ≥4 vs ≤ 1 MetS components were 2.60 (1.09-6.22), 2.83 (1.16-6.87) and 6.39 (2.42-16.85), respectively. CONCLUSION: In older subjects at high cardiovascular risk, reduced sTWEAK levels are associated with MetS: abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia are the main contributors to this association